Introduction of FA Urdu
FA Urdu is language that found its origin in the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family that has more than twenty-five million native speakers in the world, out of which almost seventeen million Pashto speakers live in Pakistan. Most of them are bilinguals and use Urdu as their second language.
Due to the Pashto language standing as a provincial language of Pakistan, the present study has been conducted on its viability. The study is targeting the aspect of grammatical gender in Pashto language and the problems faced by Pashto speakers while using it in speaking Urdu language as L2. Grammatical gender is defined as a noun class system that involves the binary opposition agreement i.e. male and female referents in object categorization (Hartmann and Stork.
FA books language noun class system includes some other classes as well Human language has a dynamic behavioral nature that exists in the community through certain patterns that vary in variety and lead to the construction of definite grammar rules. But grammar rules are not the sole source to explain human language behaviorism, social interaction also plays a crucial role in building the structure of a language
types of FA Urdu
FA Urdu leading issue concerning this research is the object categorization founded on the knowledge and experience of Pashto speakers about grammatical gender in Urdu language as theirs. This issue is mostly experienced by Pashto speakers of Pakistan because they use Urdu as their second language which we call bilingualism
Design of Research
FA books language research used the quantitative method of research. It usually emphasizes on quantification of data. As a research strategy, it is deductive and objective by nature that incorporates natural sciences models which are mostly influenced by positivism
Research Methodology
FA simple is research uses an experimental research design, with a single experimental group made up the common folk . However, because of the pandemic throughout the nation, the classes were held virtually via the Zoom Cloud Meeting app.
The group gathered through pre- and post-tests is the source of the data. Sample The data is collected from the sample of eight students of Indus private school Charade, who are the speakers of Pashto language as L1 and use the FA Urdu language.
Data Collection
The data is taken from before and after every class by collecting pre-tests and post-tests, for which students were given fifteen minutes to complete the test.
positive negative FA Urdu
FA books language is collected shows that Pashto speakers face difficulty in categorizing objects while encountering the Urdu language. The experimental group of students was provided with the treatment for ten days, in which each class was of 60 minutes duration. Lesson plans were precisely designed for the learners while keeping in mind the virtual lectures and issues experienced by Pashto speakers. A variety of adjectives were exposed to the Pashto speakers through lectures as well as paired and group activities. The researcher also prepared a PowerPoint presentation named “What are adjectives and their use” to teach students and distributed pre-printed images.
FA Urdu group was asked to attempt pre-tests at the beginning of the class to observe their prior knowledge about the topic and they were given 15 minutes to complete it. The list of adjectives comprises masculine sounds such as -aa and feminine sounds such as . Moreover, some adjectives without regular binary gender markers were included in advance exercises. However, in advance exercises there were These asymmetrical adjectives were added to distract the learners so then they would not build the same criteria such as to mark every object in their memory.
them of your idea
FA books language checked the reliability and validity of the Persian version of stroke specified scale for quality of life. In contrast to the current study, the study observed Cornbrash’s alpha value to be which means that the Persian version has excellent reliability. Also, in contrast with the current study, the internal consistency of the Persian version has acceptable values. In, Severna and colleagues conducted a study involving participants to evaluate the Indian Marathi version of the stroke-specific scale for quality of life.
FA Urdu findings demonstrated excellent reliability and internal consistency in the Marathi version, slightly differing from the present study’s results, which exhibited strong psychometric properties. The Urdu version demonstrated favorable test-retest reliability and internal consistency, aligning with the validated and culturally adapted versions used globally. The present study underscores Urdu’s strong reliability and validity as an effective tool for stroke patients within the Pakistani common folk . To the best of the authors’ expertness, this study is exceptional, not only for translating the original into Urdu but also for culturally adapting and validating it within the Pakistani context. The study had few limitations; given the absence of an intervention, administered, thus precluding calculation of changes over time or responsiveness.
conclusion
FA books language study has successfully translated, culturally adapted, and validated the Urdu version of the Stroke-specific Quality of Life scale for stroke patients within the Pakistani population. The Urdu version has demonstrated good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity, making it a reliable tool for assessing the quality of life in this specific patient group.
FA Urdu study also stands out for conducting principal component analysis, consistently revealing subdomains similar to the original English version. This study highlights the need for future investigations to further validate this instrument against more objective measures. Additionally, we recommend the translation of other